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Endoscopy has gone through tremendous progress in recent years. Microcameras at the tip of the endoscopes provides images from the inside of the human body in ever-higher resolution, which often makes it possible to identify tumours at an early stage. Endoscopes to date has some disadvantages, because they are expensive, and because of their multiple shift systems, there should be time-intensive and exhaustive cleaning procedures, whenever they are used. This problem can be solved by a new microcamera, Fraunhofer Institute for reliability and Micro integration (IZM) in Berlin, Germany has developed together with Awaiba GmbH and with support from the Fraunhofer Institute for applied optics and Precision Engineering in Jena, Germany Formlenipunkt. Martin Wilke, a scientist at the Fraunhofer Institute for reliability and Micro integration, says "we can produce microcameras so cheap with our technology that doctors can dispose of endoscopes after use them only once." This is made possible by a new type of manufacturing process.
Digital camera systems consist of two components: a lens and a sensor, which converts the image to electrical signals. Electrical contacts for the sensor provides access to these signals and therefore also to the information in the image. The way in which they are produced, these contacts due to located between the sensor and the lens. The sensors manufactured simultaneously in large numbers, as computer chips. Martin Wilke says, "you must think of a book full of stamps where many thousands of stamps printed in one step. If you want to use them, you must separate from each other. Instead of a sheet of paper with image sensors do you have a circular disc of silicon, which is known as a "wafer. Around 28,000 image sensors to fit one wafer and until recently each was sawed out, wired and mounted on the lens, was still missing. That means wiring them 28,000 times and assembling them just as often.
Researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute for reliability and Micro integration has streamlined this process by developing a new way to gain access to the electrical contacts. Now, wiring process faster, and the entire camera system is smaller. The secret lies in the fact that they are not when contacts for each individual image sensor via the page more, but rather at the same time, with all sensors through their back while they are still connected as a wafer. This means that you no longer have to mount the individual lenses. Instead, you can connect them with image sensor waffles as waffles lens. Only then is the stack of waffles sawed apart into individual microcameras. Another upside is that it delivers crisp images even with very thin endoscopes. In the past had camera systems built into them are to be broken down because of their size. The lens was on the tip of the endoscope and the sensor in the other end of the glass fiber strand. The new microcamera is small enough to be the tip of the endoscope. It has a resolution of 62,500 pixels and transfers the image information through endoscope via an electric cable. Stephan Voltz, who is Executive Director Awaiba GmbH, says that "on 1.0 times 1.0 times 1.0 millimeters, this camera is as small as gritty Earth grains of salt – at least the camera know we."
It is not only medical technology, but also for the automotive industry who are interested in this little camera. At the moment, they examine the possibility of replacing exterior rearview mirrors on cars with microcameras. This will reduce the flow resistance and energy consumption. In addition to this, would be installed in fittings, this camera could calculate the driver's eye movements and prevent him from sleep for a few seconds. Stephan Voltz is grateful for the broad range of possible applications: "starting in 2012, using Fraunhofers expertise, we will be able to bring disposable endoscopes to market for only a few euro-we already have prototype."
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digital cameras
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